Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC)

  British Journal of Pharmacology
  Supplement:
  Volume 158, Issue S1
  (November 2009)

  SPH Alexander, A Mathie, JA Peters

 

 


 

 

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What is the GRAC?
The great proliferation of drug targets in recent years has driven the need to organise and condense the information in a logical way. This is the underlying reason for the Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC), distributed with the British Journal of Pharmacology. This authoritative but user-friendly publication allows a rapid overview of the key properties of a wide range of established or potential pharmacological targets. The information is provided succinctly, so that a newcomer to a particular target group can identify the main elements "at a glance".

Targets have been selected for inclusion where there is sufficient pharmacological information to allow clear definition or where, in our view, there is clear interest in this molecular class from the pharmacological community. The underlying philosophy has been to present data on human receptors and to describe agents that represent the most selective available (either by donation or from commercial sources), now or in the near future. The GRAC is divided into seven sections, which comprise pharmacological targets of similar structure/function.

Citing the GRAC
Citations to information in this edition of the GRAC should take the form:
Alexander, S.P.H., Mathie, A., & Peters, J.A. (2009). Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC), 4th edition (2009). Br. J. Pharmacol., 158 (Suppl. 1), S1–S254.

CONTENTS
 

Introduction

Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC), 4th Edition
Consultants


7TM receptors

Introduction
Orphan 7TM receptors
5-HT (5-Hydroxytryptamine)
Acetylcholine (muscarinic)
Adenosine
Adiponectin
Adrenoceptors, alpha1
Adrenoceptors, alpha2
Adrenoceptors, beta
Anaphylotoxin and formyl peptide
Angiotensin
Apelin
Bile acid
Bombesin
Bradykinin
Calcitonin, CGRP, amylin and adrenomedullin
Calcium-sensing
Cannabinoid
Chemokine
Cholecystokinin
Corticotrophin-releasing factor
Dopamine
Endothelin
Free fatty acid
Frizzled
GABAB
Galanin
Ghrelin
Glucagon, glucagon-like peptide and secretin
Glutamate, metabotropic
Glycoprotein hormone
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
G protein-coupled estrogen (GPE)
GPR119
Histamine
Kiss-1, neuropeptide FF, prolactin-releasing peptide and QRFP
Leukotriene, lipoxin, oxoeicosanoid and resolvin E1
Lysophosphatidic acid
Melanin-concentrating hormone
Melanocortin
Melatonin
Motilin
Neuromedin U
Neuropeptide S
Neuropeptide Y
Neuropeptides B and W
Neurotensin
Nicotinic acid
Opioid and opioid-like
Orexin
P2Y
Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid horme-related peptide
Platelet-activating factor
Prokineticin
Prostanoid
Proteinase-activated
Relaxin family peptide
Somatostatin
Sphingosine-1-phosphate
Tachykinin
Trace amine-associated
TRH
Urotensin II
Vasopressin & Oxytocin
VIP & PACAP

LGIC

Introduction
5HT3 (5-hydroxytryptamine3)
Acetylcholine (nicotinic)
GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Glutamate (ionotropic)
Glycine receptors
P2X
ZAC (zinc-activated channel)

 

 


Ion Channels

Introduction
Acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channels (ASICs)
Aquaporins
Calcium (voltage-gated)
CatSper channels
Chloride channels
Connexins and pannexins
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels
Epithelial sodium channel (EnaC)
Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN)
IP3 receptor
Potassium
Ryanodine receptor
Sodium leak channel, non-selective
Sodium (voltage-gated)
Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels

Nuclear receptors

Introduction
Orphan nuclear receptors
Liver X and farnesoid X
Peroxisome proliferator-activated
Retinoic acid, retinoid X and retinoic acid-related orphan
Steroid hormone
Thyroid hormone
Vitamin D, pregnene X and constitutive androstane
Catalytic receptors
Introduction
ErbB family
GDNF family
Insulin family
Natriuretic peptide
Neurotrophin and collagen family
Prolactin family
Toll-like family
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family

Transporters

Introduction
ATP-binding cassette family
Choline transporters
Fatty acid-binding proteins
GABA transporters
Glutamate (excitatory amino acid) transporters
Glycine transporters
Monoamine
Nucleoside
P-type ATPases (EC 3.6.3.-)

Enzymes

Introduction
Adenosine metabolising enzymes
Adenylyl cyclases (E.C. 4.6.1.1)
Amino acid hydroxylases (E.C.1.14.16.-)
Caspases (E.C. 3.4.22.-)
Cell-surface protein and extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (E.C. 3.4.24.-)
Cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin synthases
Cytochrome P450 (E.C.1.14.-.-)
Decarboxylases (E.C. 4.1.1.-)
Endocannabinoid metabolising enzymes
Heme oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.3)
Hydrogen sulphide synthesis
Inositol monophosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.25)
Lipoxygenases (E.C. 1.13.11.-)
Nitric oxide synthase (E.C. 1.14.13.39)
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (E.C. 3.1.4.4)
Phosphodiesterases, 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide (E.C.3.1.4.17)
Phospholipase A2 (E.C. 3.1.1.4)
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (E.C. 3.1.4.11)
Protein serine/threonine kinases (E.C. 2.7.1.-)
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.2)

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